grep指令 | Smoking

shell

发布日期: 2019-05-17

文章字数: 742

阅读时长: 3 分

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用法: grep [选项]… PATTERN [FILE]…

在每个 FILE 或是标准输入中查找 PATTERN。

默认的 PATTERN 是一个基本正则表达式(缩写为 BRE)。

例如: grep -i ‘hello world’ menu.h main.c

正则表达式选择与解释:

-E, –extended-regexp PATTERN 是一个可扩展的正则表达式(缩写为 ERE)

-F, –fixed-strings PATTERN 是一组由断行符分隔的定长字符串。

-G, –basic-regexp PATTERN 是一个基本正则表达式(缩写为 BRE)

-P, –perl-regexp PATTERN 是一个 Perl 正则表达式

-e, –regexp=PATTERN 用 PATTERN 来进行匹配操作

-f, –file=FILE 从 FILE 中取得 PATTERN

-i, –ignore-case 忽略大小写

-w, –word-regexp 强制 PATTERN 仅完全匹配字词

-x, –line-regexp 强制 PATTERN 仅完全匹配一行

-z, –null-data 一个 0 字节的数据行，但不是空行

Miscellaneous:

-s, –no-messages suppress error messages

-v, –invert-match select non-matching lines

-V, –version display version information and exit

  --help                display this help text and exit

输出控制:

-m, –max-count=NUM NUM 次匹配后停止

-b, –byte-offset 输出的同时打印字节偏移

-n, –line-number 输出的同时打印行号

  --line-buffered      每行输出清空

-H, –with-filename 为每一匹配项打印文件名

-h, –no-filename 输出时不显示文件名前缀

  --label=LABEL        将LABEL 作为标准输入文件名前缀

-o, –only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN

-q, –quiet, –silent suppress all normal output

  --binary-files=TYPE  assume that binary files are TYPE;

                        TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match'

-a, –text equivalent to –binary-files=text

-I equivalent to –binary-files=without-match

-d, –directories=ACTION how to handle directories;

                        ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip'

-D, –devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;

                        ACTION is 'read' or 'skip'

-r, –recursive like –directories=recurse

-R, –dereference-recursive

                        likewise, but follow all symlinks

  --include=FILE_PATTERN

                        search only files that match FILE_PATTERN

  --exclude=FILE_PATTERN

                        skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN

  --exclude-from=FILE  skip files matching any file pattern from FILE

  --exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.

-L, –files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match

-l, –files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches

-c, –count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

-T, –initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)

-Z, –null print 0 byte after FILE name

文件控制:

-B, –before-context=NUM 打印以文本起始的NUM 行

-A, –after-context=NUM 打印以文本结尾的NUM 行

-C, –context=NUM 打印输出文本NUM 行

-NUM same as –context=NUM

  --group-separator=SEP use SEP as a group separator

  --no-group-separator  use empty string as a group separator

  --color[=WHEN],

  --colour[=WHEN]      use markers to highlight the matching strings;

                        WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto'

-U, –binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows)

-u, –unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there